Some forms of forms of physical harm and verbal abuse may also constitute criminal offences or hate crimes.
 
Verbal abuse: is the use of threatening, abusive or insulting language with the intention of causing someone else alarm or distress or harass them. Verbal assault is a criminal offence.

Physical harm: is any act by which a person intentionally or recklessly causes another to suffer or apprehend immediate unlawful violence. This is closely associated with the term assault which is often used to include a battery, which is committed by the intentional or reckless application of unlawful force to another person.